Transition Words

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Definition of transition words
Transitions are words, phrases, sentences or even paragraphs that relate ideas and help guide the reader from one idea to another. In moving from one topic to the next, a writer has to bring the reader along by showing how the ideas are developing.
Transition words and phrases help make clear connections between ideas and see that sentences and paragraphs flow together smoothly, making them easier to read.

Purpose of transition words , commonly :
Provide more information
Provide an example
Provide a cause or reason
Provide a result or an effect
Provide a purpose or reason
Provide a sequence
Provide a conclusion

Following are some common transitional words and phrases, one or more from each category is used in context addition and consequence

- Addition
  Addition words tell us that an author is presenting two or more ideas in a list of items. These
  words introduce ideas that are first in a list or ideas that add to items already mentioned. Here
  are some common addition words  :

   also                                                furthermore 
   again                                              in addition 
   as well as                                       likewise
   besides                                          moreover
   coupled with                                  similarly

Example :

-   This dress is make from good material moreover this dress is so beautiful and
     smooth.
-    I believe that I can complete the marathon in under 3 hours. Furthermore , I believe that I  
     can win it.
-    I have a degree in Early Childhood Education, furthermore, I have

     six years experience working with young children.
-   Both gold and green kiwifruits are widely cultivated in New Zealand, moreover
     they’re distributed to our country.
-   She can speak English besides French.
-   My father, as well as Jim, goes to Bali.


-  Consequence
   Consequence mean as a result or consequence of an incident or event that connecting of
   two or more point. The second item as a result by first item.
   Here are some common consequence words :
     accordingly          for this reason          therefore
     as a result            for this reason          subsequently
     consequently       for this purpose        wherefore 


   Example  :

 -  My car broke down and consequently I arrive rather late.
 -  I have long been interested in science and animals. Therefore, I have decided to study
     biology in college.
 -  Rent is too expensive in Boston. Therefore, I have decided to move to Ohio.
 -  The athlete was caught using drugs. Consequently, he was kicked off the team.
 -  The pitcher threw the ball at the batter's head. consequently, he was thrown out of
     the game.


ANOTHER CATEGORY OF TRASITION WORDS

Contrast and comparison

Establishes an opposition between ideas, often leads to a conclusion or decision between them.

conversely
instead
on one hand
on the other hand
on the contrary

yet
but
however
still
nevertheless

Generalizing

Adds a condition to the idea; sets limits or boundaries for the idea, considers possible

as a rule  

as usual

for the most part  

generally  

generally speaking

ordinarily

Introduction

Brings an idea into the discussion. :

firstly with regard to

to begin primarily

in the first place similarly

initially regarding as for concerning

Summarizing

Shows that the discussion of an idea is complete. :

finally to conclude

in conclusion

in the end in summary

finally
in any case
All in all
to sum up

Emphasis

Places more importance on the idea, drawing the reader’s focus.

above all

chiefly

with attention to

especially

particularly

singularly

Exemplification

Introduces an example of a previous idea.

to illustrate take a look at

for instance such as

for example one such

an example would be to demonstrate
namely
including

Example of another category of transition words :
-  You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.
-   Ordinarily, I find this job easy, but today, I'm having problems.
-   All in all, you both love each other.
-   The government is chiefly concerned with controlling inflation.
-   The price of the excursion is including the accommodation.
-   Newfoundland offers many amenities unavailable in most of North America, for example, we
     have very little air pollution.

When using transition words, remember to:

1. Choose the transition that best conveys your meaning.

2. Note that the transitional words or phrases do not always appear at the beginning of a
    sentence, but can be inserted wherever they seem appropriate.

3. When you have a transition at the beginning of a sentence, you should put a comma after it

Transition Words

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SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER

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SO AND TOO 
 

Definition :

The word 'so' and 'too' are useed to combine two positive statement with identical predicates to form a compound sentences.

Formula :

so + auxiliary verb + subject
subject + auxiliaey verb + too

Example :

Radit likes playing football. Yohanes also likes playing football.

-Radit likes playing  football and so does Yohanes
-Radit likes playing  football and Yohanes does too

Either and Neither

Definition

The word 'either' and 'neither' to combine two negative statements with identicalpredicates to form a compound sentence.

Formula:

Subject +  auxiliaey verb + not + either
neither + auxiliaey verb + subject

Example:

  Deby is not doing her homework now. Otis is also not doing her homework.

-Deby is not doing her homework now and Otis is not either
-Deby is not doing his homework now and neither is Otis

SO, TOO, EITHER, NEITHER

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Short Report and Memos

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Short Reports

      Short Report is a text that giving information about something. In delivering a short report, we should give information based on the scientific research.

Example of Short Reports :

Platypus

Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to stay.

Memo

Memo is a quick message, the messages are written one with a short, clear, and easy to understand. According to its use, there is an official memo and personal (not official). Memo is officially used as a statement in the official relationship of a leader to his subordinates. Used as a personal memo memorandum or unofficial statement among friends , relatives , or others who have a relationship familiar .

Characteristics

1. Special letters are made ​​specifically for the purpose in the office or organization
2. Judging from the circulation, an office or organization may submit memo horizontally and vertically
3. Submission is horizotal a memo to the delivery office which has equal
4. Submission is a submission vertically memo from a superior to a subordinate or otherwise to warn or instruct something
5. It is a form of communication that give advice, guidance, or information about something
6. Having a piece of mail that is simpler than the formal letter in general, especially in the letter.
7. Due to the limited pedarannya, memo usually do not include the identity of the office, such as office name, number phone , fax, and postal code , the fully.

 

Short Report and Memos

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Noun Clauses

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Noun Clauses

Definition:

A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject,object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.

Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses andwh-clauses:

·         that-clause: I believe that everything happens for a reason.

·         wh-clause: How do I know what I think, until I seewhat I say?

Noun clause used as an object He said something. S V O He said that he was sick. Noun clause used as a subject Something is your business. S V Whatever you do is your business. Someone is still in the cafeteria. S V Whoever ate my lunch is still in the cafeteria.

What did he say? What is your business? Who is in the cafeteria?

The subordinator may take the "subject" or "object" position in a noun clause.

Note the usage of the following:

Henry loves Mary. (S V O) Mary loves Jim. (S V O) The person who(m) Lee loves is a secret. The person who loves Tim is a secret. Who(m) Henry loves is a secret. Who loves Tim is a secret.

Mary is the "object" of the sentence. Mary is the "subject" of the sentence. Relative clause (subordinator in obj. position) Relative clause (subordinator in subj. position) Noun clause (subordinator in obj. position) Noun clause (subordinator in subj. position)

Subordinators which are used in noun clauses:

(Some of these words are also used in Grammar: Relative Clauses and Grammar: Wh - Questions.)

that what who whoever whatever whether

which where when how why if

how much how many how long how far how often whose

Remember to preserve word order in noun clauses:

I don't know who he is.

Whoever she is is not important.

Whatever is in the box is a mystery.

Can you tell me what he is doing?

She doesn't undestand why he is leaving.

I wonder how much that costs.

Do you know how long it will take?

Noun Clauses

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Adjective Clause

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DEFINITION

An adjective clause is simply a group of words with a subject and a verb that provide a description. The clause starts with a pronoun such as who, whom, that, or which or an adverb such as when, where and why.

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun.  It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause: 

The children are going to visit the museum.
They are on the bus.

The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
                  | adjective clause |

In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. 

•        The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum.

•        The children       on the bus       are going to visit the museum.

EXAMPLE:

Who	This morning he fought with a little guy who was his best friend.
Which	The fire which broke out in the warehouse swept through the factories.
When	Grandpa remembers the old days whenthere was no television.
Where	The place where he flies his kites is very quiet.
Whom	She is the only cousin whom I enjoy talking to.
That	The package that arrived this morning is on the desk.

 Example by me in Photo :

Adjective Clause

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